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William Merritt
Chase, Boat House,
Prospect
Park
(oil on canvas, 1888) |
Raymond Chandler
(1888-1959) |
M. Larson
(wall inscription,
Capitol Reef NP, 1888) |
In eighth grade, my social-studies teacher at the American High
School in Mexico City, the late Mrs. Draine (whose son eventually ran across
this Web page accidentally through Google -- the Internet is such a small
world!), gave each of us a year to research in American history. Mine was 1888.
Ever since then, things that happened in 1888 have always caught my eye.
Unfortunately, until recently I hadn't kept a list. I've resolved to change
that, although I still notice more events than I record.
Turns out a huge number of cities and towns in southern
California incorporated themselves in 1888,
which must stem from some legal event. I've omitted those from my survey, and
also individuals and events I know or care nothing about. I welcome additions
to the list, especially from outside the
US, preferably by email.
G Jackson
Events
- American Statistical
Association founded
-
Santa Fe
railroad arrives in
Fullerton
CA
- National Aquarium relocated
from Woods Hole MA to
Washington
DC
- Marine Biological Laboratory
founded at Woods Hole MA
- Melville Weston Fuller
becomes Chief Justice of the
United States
- Mortmain and Charitable Uses
acts regulates dead-hand transactions under British tax laws
- Emancipation of slaves in
Brazil
- Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus
Karl king of Prussia and German emperor for 99 days
- Financial Times (
London) founded
- Katz's Deli founded in NY
- Gustav Lindenthal proposes
first design for Hudson river bridge, eventually completed in 1931 as
George
Washington
Bridge
-
Spires
on St Patrick's Cathedral (NY) built
-
Eiffel
Tower
main construction (started 1887, finished 1889)
- Hinckley & Schmitt, water
company in the
Chicago
area, founded
- Pinehurst Tea Plantation
founded (3rd in US, and the only one still operating)
- First Ecumenical World
Methodist Conference
- Emperor Meiji founds Order of
the Paulownia Sun (
Japan)
- William II becomes German
Kaiser and
King of Prussia
- Ringling Brothers acquire
their first circus elephant
- "In one (blizzard) which
visited Dakota and the States of Montana, Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas and
Texas in January, 1888, the mercury fell within twenty-four hours from 74o
above zero to 28o below it in some places, and in Dakota went
down to 40o below zero. In fine clear weather, with
little or no warning, the sky darkened and the air was filled with snow,
or ice-dust, as fine as flour, driven before a wind so furious and roaring
that men's voices were inaudible at a distance of six feet. Men in
the fields and children on their way from school died ere they could reach
shelter; some of them having been not frozen, but suffocated from the
impossibility of breathing the blizzard. Some 235 persons lost their
lives. This was the worst storm since 1864; the Colorado River in
Texas was frozen
with ice a foot thick, for the first time in the memory of man."
- Lewis family of Lambertville
PA begins commercial shad fishing in the
Delaware
river
- Burnham & Root build The
Rookery (later renovated by Frank Lloyd Wright, among others)
- Manischewitz (yes, that
Manischewitz) founded
- Burlington Railroad strike
-
Milwaukee
Art Museum
founded
- Gray's Grist Mill celebrates
its centennial in
Rhode Island
- American School Foundation
incorporated in
Mexico City;
operates my high-school alma mater, where Mrs. Draine got me
started on all this
- Richard Felton Outcalt goes
to work as an illustrator for Edison Labs. Within six years, he's drawing The
Yellow Kid for the Pulitzer's
New YorkWorld, having just added color; shortly Hearst's
New York Journal hires Outcalt
away, whereupon the World hires a stand-in and a nasty battle of
originator versus copycat ensues, giving rise to the term "yellow
journalism".
- 1180 F (480 C),
Bennett,
Colorado (state record)
- Bandai volcano (
Japan)
erupts for 1st time in 1,000 years
- Benjamin Harrison (Senator,
R-Indiana) beats President Grover Cleveland (D),
-
California gets its 1st seismograph
- Congress creates the
Department of Labor
- CPR opens Hotel Vancouver,
Vancouver
British
Columbia
- Ferry in
San Pablo
Bay
explodes
- French Panama Canal company
fails
- Great blizzard of '88 strikes
northeast US, 2nd largest snowfall in
New York
NY
history (21")
- Jack the Ripper kills victims
in
London
-
Louisville
KY
becomes 1st government in US to adopt Australian ballot
- Moshav Gederah is attacked by
the Arabs
- National Geographic Society
founded (
Washington
DC)
-
Pennsylvania's
Monongehela
River rises 32' after 24 hour
rainfall
- Public admitted to
Washington
Monument
- Teetotalers excursion train
crushed, killing 64 (Mud Run PA)
- 246 reported killed by hail
in
Moradabad,
India
- Don Eloy Lecanda Chávez gives
Herrero family a financial interest in Vega Sicilia vineyards and winery
in the Ribera del Duero appellation, eventually leading to today's
ultra-scarce Único.
- Thomas P "Boston"
Corbett, allegedly the soldier who shot John Wilkes Booth once he was
cornered, and who had spent time in the Andersonville prison camp before
being paroled back to service in the Union Army, and subsequently had
trouble adjusting to life, especially without the fame he felt he deserved
for shooting Booth, and who would later die in the great Hinckley fire in
Minnesota, escapes from the Topeka asylum, where he'd been confined
supposedly for insanity.
- Sara Breedlove, later to
become Madam C.J. Walker of hair-product fame, leaves Delta,
Louisiana, for
St.
Louis,
Missouri.
- Jekyl Island Club opens
(still with one "l"; had two before and after its role as
gathering place for the hyper-elite).
- M. Larson inscribes his name
on Pioneer Wall in Canyon Gorge,
Capitol
Reef National Park,
Utah
- Sheldon Jackson, Commissioner
of Education in the Alaska Territory, establishes policy that native
Alaskan "Pupils are required to speak and write English exclusively,"
since "instruction in their vernacular is not only of no use to them but
is detrimental to their speedy education and civilization."
- Universal Exposition,
Barcelona
- Victorian Juvenile Industrial
Exhibition, Centennial International Exhibition,
Melbourne
- International Exhibition,
Glasgow
- Grand Concours International des Sciences et
de l'Industrie, Brussels
- Exposición Universal de
Barcelona
- Exposiçao Industrial
Portugueza
-
Skokie
IL
incorporated. My 9th-grade American History teacher, Mr
Lesperance, told us at least once a week that Skokie, where he'd grown
up, was the largest town (as opposed to, say, city) in the United States.
I could never figure out how to verify that.
- C.R. Ashbee founds Guild of
Handicraft in
London,
several years before it moves to the Cotswolds.
-
Milwaukee
Art Museum
founded.
- An article published in the
Atlanta Constitution in 1888 claims that, towards the end of the war of
1812, an American went hunting and by accident crossed behind the British
lines, where he shot a crow. He was caught by a British officer, who,
complimenting him on his fine shooting, persuaded him to hand over his
gun. This officer then leveled his gun and said that as a punishment the
American must take a bite of the crow. The American obeyed, but when the
British officer returned his gun he took his revenge by making him eat the
rest of the bird. This is such an inventive novelization of the phrase's
etymology that it seems a shame to point out that the original expression
is not recorded until the 1850s, and that its original form was to eat
boiled crow, whereas the story makes no mention of boiling the bird.
-
Magdalen
College
School
builds St Swithun's buildings across the river from
Magdalen
College.
- House of Glunz founded in
Chicago
-
Chicago
Latin
School founded
-
Panama Lottery Bond
- All Thompson family salt
businesses absorbed into the Salt Union
- Portland (OR) Rose Festival
starts
- Friedrich Goltz performs the
first recorded hemispherectomy (albeit on a dog; C Kenneally, The New Yorker 7/3/2006, p38: "apparently, the post-op
animal exhibited the same personality and a minimal reduction in
intelligence")
- During a December blizzard,
Richard Wetherill and his brother-in-law Charles Mason were patrolling for
stray cows and happened upon what is today the most famous of the
Ancestral Pueblo dwellings,
Cliff
Palace, at
Mesa
Verde
National Park
- Mining begins at what will
one day become the site of the
Aspen
Music
Festival
School
- National Livestock Bank
building constructed following Burnham & Root design
- Goodman Steamship Dock active
on
Chicago River
- Illinois Supreme Court
overturns
Chicago's first attempt to annex
Hyde Park
Township;
soon, the Legislature will give
Chicago
the necessary authority
- Chicago Edison, the precursor
to Samuel Insull's Commonwealth Edison, opens its first station to provide
electricity commercially to
Chicago
businesses
- Amos Alonso Stagg, who will
eventually coach the
University
of
Chicago's
national champion Monsters of the Midway football teams, graduates from,
of all places, Yale
- Gandhi goes to University
College London to train as a barrister
- The earliest celluloid film
was shot by Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince using the Le Prince single-lens
camera made in 1888. It was taken in the garden of the Whitley family
house in
Oakwood Grange Road,
Roundhay, a suburb of Leeds,
Yorkshire,
Great Britain,
possibly on October 14
- Santo Tomás winery founded in
Ensenada,
Baja California, the first in that
region
- Frank Bowden creates Raleigh
Bicycle Company, having taking up cycling after making a fortune in the
stock market and then being given six months to live -- incorrectly, as it
turned out; later he would invent the Bowden Cable, which enabled levers
on handlebars to operate brakes, and later enabled all kinds of other
mechanical force transmission.
- South San Francisco Opera
House opens.
- Banff Springs Hotel opens.
- The Rudd Concession of 1888,
fraudulently obtained from King Lobengula, became the vehicle through
which colonialists obtained mineral rights in Mashonaland. The concession
provided Rhodes with the impetus to obtain a Royal Charter in 1889, which
among other things, granted the BSAC authority to administer and govern
the region tha encompasses present day Zimbabwe. The Charter was granted
notwithstanding King Lobengula's protestations that he had been deceived.
Lobengual repudiated the Rudd Concession stating that he would "not
recognise the paper, as it contains neither my words nor the words of
those who got it." The response by Queen Victoria to King Lobengula's
protestation to this development was that it "would be unwise to exclude
white men".
- Frederick Douglass becomes
the first African-American to win a vote in a major party's presidential
roll call vote. (He got one vote on the fourth ballot.)
- Massachusetts passes "An Act
to Provide for Printing and Distributing Ballots", thereby becoming the
first US state to adopt Australian (ie, secret, government-provided)
voting.
- First steps toward the Columbia Club in Indianapolis: "In 1888 a contingent of
Indianapolis' most distinguished residents united their efforts to help
elect Benjamin Harrison as the nation's 23rd president, and the only
Hoosier to occupy the White House. This group, the Harrison
Marching Society, welcomed all dignitaries and delegations visiting
Indianapolis during the campaign... [and] was formally organized
on February 13, 1889"
- American Mathematical Society founded
- R.G. Andre, a skilled saddlemaker and prominent businessman in Tempe, builds a Victorian-styled commercial building on
Mill Avenue in and opens a saddlery and harness shop; now the Rúla Búla pub.
- Caffé Fiaschetteria Italiano founded in Montalcino,Tuscany, Italy.
- Fridjof Nansen completes the first traverse of Greenland on skis.
- Raskas Foods founded in St Louis; acquired in 2002 by Schreiber Foods, which thereby became the largest maker of private-label cream cheese in the US.
- Halloween Riot at Dickinson College: "[President] Himes told the students how he hated the old picket fence along the north end of campus, and had finally received enough money to replace it with a nicer iron one. Therefore, when he would return on Monday, he hoped to see the old fence gone, no questions asked... The students did burn the fence around eleven o'clock that night, in a campus bonfire that resulted in a fight between the college, and the town firemen and other residents... The event became the talk of the town..."
Invention
- William Bundy patents the
timecard clock
- Theophilus Van Kannel of
Philadelphia patents
revolving door
- Hertz succeeds in generating
electromagnetic waves at radio and microwave frequencies and measuring
their properties
-
Stanley
Header, the first coal-loading machine used in the
United States, developed in
England and tested in
Colorado
- Gregg shorthand first
published in pamphlet form
- Emile Christian Anderson
perfects method for growing pure yeast strains, enabling more consistent
beermaking.
- 1st ballpoint pen patented
- 1st wax drinking straw
patented, by Marvin C Stone in
Washington
DC
- George Eastman patents
"Kodak box camera", patents 1st roll-film camera, registers
"Kodak"
- Leroy Buffington patents a
system to build skyscrapers
Sport &
Competition
- USC Trojans (then Methodists)
play their 1st football game
- St Andrews Golf Club,
Yonkers
NY,
opens with just 6 holes
- NY Giant pitcher Tim Keefe sets
a 19 game win streak record
- NY Giant pitcher Rube
Marquard ties record of 19 game win-streak
- Lord Walsingham kills 1,070
grouse in a single day
- Heavyweight Boxing champion
John L Sullivan draws Charlie Mitchell in 30
- Crouching start first used by
Charles Sherrill of Yale
-
Princeton
has best college football team, by Chi Square Linear Win-Difference Ratio
- 14th Kentucky Derby: George
Covington aboard MacBeth II wins in 2:38
- 16th Preakness: F
Littlefield, aboard Refund, wins in 2:49
- 1st indoor baseball game
played at fairgrounds in
Philadelphia
- 1st organized rodeo
competition held,
Prescott,
Arizona
- 1st beauty contest (
Spa,
Belgium),
18 yr old West Indian wins
- Ernest Renshaw wins
Wimbledon
Art, Music,
Literature
- First performance of
Tchaikovsky's 5th Symphony
- William Merritt Chase, Boat
House,
Prospect
Park
- Vincent d'Indy's
Wallenstein-trilogy premieres
- Sherlock Holmes detecting,
according to Conan Doyle, "The Hound of the Baskervilles",
"The Valley of Fear", "The Sign of Four", &
"A Scandal in Bohemia"
- "Casey at the Bat"
recited by DeWolf Hopper, then published (SF Examiner)
- Claude Monet, Poplars at
Giverny,
Sunrise(oil on canvas)
- Samuel Butler, Narcissus
(a comic cantata in the style of Handel)
- Gaugin & van Gogh working
together in
Arles:
"In general, Vincent and I do not see eye to eye, especially as
regards painting..." (Gaugin)
- Paul Gaugin, Self-Portrait
Dedicated to Vincent van Gogh (Les Misérables)
- Vincent van Gogh, Self-Portrait
Dedicated to Paul Gaugin
- Paul Gauguin, The Vision
After the Sermon
- August Strindberg, Miss Julie
- Sarah Bernhardt performs as Tosca
- In the summer of 1888, Delius
moved to Paris, where he came to know Fauré and Ravel, artists Gaugin and
Munch, and the Scandinavian writer Strindberg; became intoxicated with grand
opera; met his future wife, Helene "Jelka" Rosen, a German
painter; and contracted the syphilis that would later shut down his career
and eventually take his life.
- Charles Courtney Curran
paints Lotus Lilies on Lake
Erie, and then moves to Paris.
Births
- Adolf Hitler, Charlie
Chaplin, and Ludwig Wittgenstein probably conceived
- Clinton Golden,
Pennsylvania,
founder of United Steelworkers of America
- Dale Carnegie, author (How to Win Friends & Influence
People)
- Ernst Heinrich Heinkel,
German inventor (1st rocket-powered aircraft)
- Eugene O'Neill, NYC,
dramatist (Desire Under the Elms-Nobel
1936)
-
Giorgio De Chirico,
Greece,
Metaphysical painter (Soothsayer)
- Hans-Thilo Schmidt, spy who
disclosed key secrets of military Enigma machine to Poles
- Harpo Marx [Adolph], NYC,
actor/comedian (Marx brothers)
- Hedwig "Vicki"
Baum, Austria/US, author (Men Never
Know)
- Irving Berlin [Isadore
Balin], Temum,
Siberia, composer (White Christmas)
- James E Casey, founder of
United Parcel Service
- Jim [James Francis] Thorpe,
Shawnee
OK,
decathlete (Olympics-gold-1912)
- John Foster
Dulles,
US
Secretary of State (1953-59)
- Josef Albers, German/US
graphic artist/painter/writer (Bauhaus)
- Joseph P Kennedy,
financier/diplomat, father of JFK, RFK & Teddy
- Knute Rockne, Norwegian/US,
football player/coach (Notre Dame)
- Matthew Heywood Campbell
Broun, 1st President of American Newspaper Guild
- Maurice Chevalier,
Paris, thanked
heaven for little girls (Gigi)
- Otto Stern, German/US
physicist (Stern-Gerlach-experiment, Nobel 1943)
- Raymond Chandler, Chicago,
mystery writer (The Long Goodbye)
- Richard E Byrd, Virginia,
admiral/polar explorer (1926)
- Robert Moses, power broker
(built Long Island & NYC parks & roads)
- Sir Chandrasekhara, Raman
India,
physicist (Nobel 1930)
- Sol Hurok, theatrical
impresario
- T.E. Lawrence, Tremadoc,
Wales,
soldier/writer (aka Lawrence of Arabia)
- T.S. Eliot,
St Louis, poet/dramatist/critic (The Waste Land-Nobel 1948)
- Tarzan of the Apes, according
to Edgar Rice Burroughs' novel
- James Alexander
(mathematician, knot theory, etc)
- Ronald Knox, eminent British
Catholic theologian, and eventual codifier, on behalf of the Detection
Club, of the "Ten Commandments of Detective Fiction" later systematically
ignored by Agatha Christie.
- Paul Popenoe, who became an ardent advocate of eugenics after studying with David Starr Jordan at Stanford, and then, after his ardor translated into admiration for Adolf Hitler and publicity about that starting in 1934 by 1949 made his positions on mandatory sterilization and the supremacy of the "Nordic" race unpopular, regrouped, refocused his efforts, and began writing the column "Can This Marriage Be Saved?" in the Ladies' Home Journal based on what he'd earlier advocated in his eugenics-oriented American Institute of Family Relations, and through that and other writing helped support Dan Quayle and the Defense of Marriage Act.
Deaths
- Woodrow Wilson's mother
- Charles Crocker, principal
manager of Central Pacific construction for the Robber Barons; his fortune
underlay Crocker Bank
- Syzgmunt von Wróblewski, one
of the first to liquefy oxygen
- Carl Zeiss
-
Asa Gray,
US,
botanist (Flora of North America),
dies at 77
- Louisa May
Alcott,
US,
author (Old-fashioned Girl),
dies at 55
- Mary Ann Nicholls, a
42-year-old prostitute, stabbed to death, first victim of Jack the Ripper
- Long John Wentworth, Mayor of
Chicago 1856-58 and 1860-61, memorialized by 70-foot obelisk in
Rosehill
Cemetery, the loftiest tombstone in
the West
- Celia Ann Blaylock, known as "Mattie Earp" when she lived with Wyatt Earp in Tombstone, which was
before he met Josie Marcus, with whom he lived until he died in 1929 in,
of all places, Los Angeles.
- Domingo F Sarmiento, once President of
Argentina: "Ocupó los cargos desde maestro de escuela hasta Presidente de
la Republica y murió pobre" (from a plaque on his tomb)
- (Not exactly a death) The
body of Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes was exhumed from its grave in
France, and returned to Spain -- but without its head, which has never been
recovered
And
one last hard-to-classify note, for which I'm indebted to D. Swain:
PEOPLE usually wish that their friends shall have a happy new
year, and sometimes "prosperous" is added to "happy." lt is
not likely that much happiness or prosperity can come to those who are living
for the truth under such a dark number as 1888; but still the year is heralded
by the glorious star Venus-Lucifer, shining so resplendently that it has been
mistaken for that still rarer visitor, the star of Bethlehem.
-H. P. BLAVATSKY,
a.k.a., Madame Blavatsky, prophetess of Theosophy, Lucifer (Jan 1888)